Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that primarily infects human immune cells, leading to the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Since its identification in the early 1980’s, HIV has become a major global health concern, with an estimated 38 million people living with the virus worldwide. The virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, blood to blood contact and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. HIV infection weakens the immune system by targeting CD4+ T cells, impairing the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. This abstract provides an overview of the key aspects of HIV, including its virology, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. The understanding of HIV has greatly evolved over the years, leading to significant advances in prevention strategies, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and the management of HIV related complications. Despite these advancements, several challenges remain, including the need for improved access to testing, treatment and prevention methods, especially in resource limited settings.
Published Date: 2024-08-16; Received Date: 2023-07-22
