The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with mammography screening behavior and its predictors among rural Vietnamese women. This predictive correlational study was conducted with 120 women ages 40 and above in the suburbs of Hanoi, Vietnam in July 2018, using the Breast Cancer Awareness Measurement and the Champion?s Health Beliefs Model Scale. Mammography screening behavior was measured by asking the participants about their previous mammography experience. Results showed that women were more likely to get a mammogram if they had higher education levels, higher monthly family income, a family member or friend with breast cancer, and physician?s recommendation. Mean scores on perceived susceptibility to breast cancer and perceived barriers to screening differed significantly between women who had and had not had a mammogram (t = -4.31, p < .001; t = 5.05, p < .001, respectively). Perceived benefits and breast cancer awareness were not significantly associated with screening uptake (t = -1.62, p = .109; ?² = 5.54, p = .072, respectively). When perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers were considered together, they significantly increased the predictive power of the hierarchical logistic model (critical value = 6.16, [df = 2], p = .046). Perceived barriers were the most significant predictor of mammography screening (OR = .84, 95% CI .71 ? .99, p = .039). In summary, adherence to screening is high among women who perceived lower barriers to mammography. Efforts are needed to promote breast cancer screening in Vietnam.
