Melanoma is a deadly form of skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin. It is primarily caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources. Melanoma is the most dangerous skin cancer due to its potential to metastasize to other organs and tissues. Various risk factors, such as fair skin, family history, and multiple atypical moles, increase the likelihood of developing melanoma. Early detection is crucial for favourable outcomes, as melanoma can often be identified through the ABCDE rule - asymmetry, irregular borders, varied colours, larger diameter, and evolving appearance of moles. A biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis, after which appropriate treatment can be determined based on the melanoma's stage and location [1- 4]. Surgical excision is the primary treatment for localized melanomas, while advanced cases may require immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or radiation therapy. Preventive measures, including sun protection and regular skin self-examination, play a vital role in reducing the incidence and impact of melanoma. Promoting awareness, education, and early detection efforts are essential in the ongoing fight against this lethal form of skin cancer.
KeywordsMelanoma; Skin cancer; Melanocytes; Ultraviolet radiation; Sun exposure
Published Date: 2023-07-28; Received Date: 2023-07-01
