Perspective - (2022) Volume 16, Issue 12
Received: 02-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. IPFS-21-9421; Editor assigned: 05-Dec-2022, Pre QC No. IPFS-21-9421 (PQ); Reviewed: 19-Dec-2022, QC No. IPFS-21-9421; Revised: 24-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. IPFS-21-9421 (R); Published: 31-Dec-2021, DOI: 10.36648/1307-234X.22.16.121
Aquaculture (also well-known as aqua farming) is the farming of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae, and other creatures (less usually spelled aquiculture). Aquaculture involves the cultivation of freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled settings, as opposed to commercial fishing, which entails the capture of wild fish. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines aquaculture as "the farming of aquatic creatures such as fish, mollusks, crabs, and aquatic plants." Efficiencies on farms can be improved with some sort of intervention. Stocking regularly, feeding, and warding off predators are some examples of proper management. Individual or corporate ownership of the stock being grown is also implied by farming."
Aquaculture additionally well-known as aqua farming, is that the farming of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants, algae, and alternative organisms. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater inhabitants under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with profitable fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. In keeping with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), cultivation "is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms as well as fish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some sort of intervention within the rearing method to reinforce production, like regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated." Fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming, Mari culture, alga culture (such as seaweed farming), and ornamental fish farming are all examples of aquaculture. Mari culture and integrated aquaculture are two aqua cultural practices. A variety of factors can have an impact on aquaculture welfare, including stocking levels, behavioral interactions, sickness, and parasitism. One of the most difficult aspects of pinpointing the reason of diminished welfare is that these factors are frequently interconnected and influence each other at various periods.
The carrying capacity of the supplied environment and the amount of individual space required by the fish, which is species specific, are frequently used to establish optimal stocking density. Although behavioral interactions such as shoaling may indicate that high stocking densities are helpful to some species, high stocking densities may be problematic in many cultivated species. Crowding can limit natural swimming behavior while also increasing aggressive and competitive behaviors such cannibalism, feed competition, territoriality, and dominance subordination hierarchies. This raises the possibility of tissue damage owing to abrasion from fish-to-fish or fish-to-cage contact. Fish may have decreases in food intake and food processing efficiency. Furthermore, excessive stocking densities can result in insufficient water flow, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply and waste product disposal. Dissolved oxygen is required for fish respiration, and quantities below critical levels can cause stress and even asphyxiation. Ammonia, a nitrogen excretion product, is highly hazardous to fish at high amounts, especially when oxygen levels are low. Many of these interactions and impacts generate stress in the fish, which can play a significant role in the spread of fish sickness. Infestation of many parasites is determined by the host's mobility, the density of the host population, and the susceptibility of the host's defence mechanism. Sea lice are the most common parasite concern for aquaculture finfish, with high populations causing widespread skin erosion and hemorrhaging, gill congestion, and increased mucus production. There are also a number of well-known viral and bacterial infections that can have serious consequences for internal organs and brain systems. The key to increasing the welfare of marine cultured organisms is to keep stress to a minimum, as chronic or repetitive stress can have a variety of negative consequences. Attempts to reduce stress can occur at any point during the culturing process. During growth, it is critical to maintain stocking numbers at species-specific levels while also segregating siez classes and grading to avoid aggressive behavioral interactions. Maintaining clean nets and cages can help to promote positive water flow and lower the risk of water deterioration.
With rising demand for edible fish, a fall in capture fisheries production, and the exhaustion of mangrove areas available for fishpond growth, aquaculture is intensifying and utilizing coastal waters for cage and pen fish farming. As a result of the move from low density to high density culture, there has been an unprecedented increase in the need for feeds, which has outpaced the demand for fertilizers.
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Citation: Kosamu I (2022) Aquaculture and its Importance. J Fish Sci, Vol.16 No. 11: 112
