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Keywords

Cladocera, Copepoda, Seli Stream, Elaz??

Introduction

The two groups of zooplankton, cladocerans and copepods are found in almost kind of aquatic habitats such as rivers, lakes, ponds, streams and other bodies of water. These organisms are known as essential components of the food chain for freshwater ecosystems, because they are the most important grazers of phytoplankton and thus herbaceous material is diverted to animal material through these zooplanktons. They are also used as biological indicator for determination of water quality, pollution and eutrophication (Güher, 2000; Alt?nda? and Yi?it, 2002).

A number of studies of Cladocera and Copepoda fauna of Turkey have been previously conducted by Gündüz (1986, 1991, 1997); Güher (1999, 2000, 2002); Tellio?lu and ?en (2001); Bekleyen (2003, 2006); Ustao?lu (2004); Ustao?lu et al (2001 a, b); Tellio?lu and Y?lmaztürk (2005); Alada? et all (2006); Saler and Arslan (2008). As indicated above, in Turkish Thrace, Cladocera and Copepoda fauna have generally surveyed in lentic habitats, but there are a few studies in lotic habitats as Temel (1996); Göksu et all (1997).

The present study was carried out to determine the Cladocera and Copepoda fauna of Seli Stream.

Material and Methods

Seli Stream is one of the important inland water of Elaz?? province and is benefited for irrigation. It is situated in the west of Elaz?? (38o 34? 39¨ N, 39o 02? 33¨ E) 12 km far away from city center (Figure 1).

Figure 1. The location of Seli Stream and sampling stations.

Sampling was made monthly between March 2006 - February 2007 in order to determine Cladocera and Copepoda fauna of Seli Stream. Sampling could not be made due to drying of stream in August.

Samples were collected from three stations with 55 pore sized Hydro-Bios plankton net by horizontal hauls and the specimens were preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution and examined under Leitz inverted microscope. Relevant literatures (Edmondson, 1959; Flössner, 1972; Harding and Smith, 1974; Kiefer, 1978; Reedy, 1994) were used for the identification and classification of the species.

Results and Discussion

A total of four species of Cladocera belonging to three families and two species of Copepoda belonging to two families were determined in Seli Stream.

Phylum: Arthropoda Latreille, 1829

Subphylum: Crustacea Brünnich, 1772

Class: Branchiopoda Latreille, 1817

Order: Cladocera Latreille, 1829

Family: Bosminidae Baird, 1846 Bosmina longirostris (O.F. Müller, 1785)

Family: Daphniidae Straus, 1820 Daphnia longispina (O.F.Müller, 1785) Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine, 1820)

Family: Leptodoridae Lilljeborg, 1900 Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844)

Subclass: Copepoda H.Milne-Edwards, 18406

Order: Cyclopoida G. O. Sars, 1918

Family: Cyclopinae Kiefer, 1927 Cyclops vicinus Uljanin, 1875

Family: Diaptomidae G.O. Sars, 1903 Acanthodiaptomus denticornis (Wierzejski, 1887)

The monthly distributions of species are given in Table 1. Among the identified species Cyclops vicinus and Acanthodiaptomus denticornis were recorded virtually throughout the sampling period. In contrast, Ceriodaphnia reticulata , Leptodora kindtii, Daphnia longispina were rarely found in the stream.

The ecological features of the recorded species show that most of them are cosmopolitan and littoral inhabiting. Additionally, among the recorded species, B. longirostris and C. vicinus species are well known indicators of eutrophy (Ryding and Rast, 1989). The dominant species of Cladocera, B. longirostris was occurred in seven months which is also reported as an indicator of eutrophic lakes (Kiefer,1978). According to Blancher (1984), in eutrophic lakes, cladocerans and cyclopoids in comparison to calanoids, can be more abundant. This phenomenon was observed in Seli stream. The cyclopoid species Cyclops vicinus was the most abundant species demonstrating the eutrophic status of the stream. All of these species are recorded for the first time in Seli Stream. In terms of species composition, cladocerans have a high species number in the stream. All of these species are recorded for the first time in Seli Stream, although they have previously reported (Ustao?lu, 2004).

Table 1. Monthly distribution of Cladocera and Copepoda in Seli Stream

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