Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research

Introduction

Cancers occur when cells multiply uncontrollably and these destroy the respective body tissue. When the cancer occurs in the reproductive organs of women’s body it is termed as the gynaecologic cancers. The field that deals with the tumours of the female genital tract is called Gynecologic oncology.

These cancers are the leading causes of the cancer related deaths in the women. these cancers are divided into many types

1. Uterine cancer

2. Cervical cancer

3. Ovarian cancer

4. Vulvar cancer

5. Vaginal cancer

6. Gestational trophoblastic tumours.

Uterine cancer: These types of cancers usually begins in the uterus and are very common types of cancers. These are mainly caused due to some risks like obesity, diabetes, hypertension.

Cervical cancer: These are also common types of cancers and is common cancer that is the leading cause of deaths in women. Many women are diagnosed with these types of cancers at their advanced stages due to lack of awareness and poor screening facilities. this is leading ultimately to their deaths. These cancers also occur due some virus called Human Papillomavirus infection.

Ovarian cancer: This is also a common type of cancer in women. These cancers are of again three types epithelial ovarian cancer, germ cell cancer, and stromal cell cancer. Among these cancers ovarian cancer is the most common type of cancer in majority of ovarian cancers.

Vulvar cancer: These are the rare type of cancers and this cancer affects the external genetalia. These cancers usually occur in the elderly women.

Vaginal cancer: This is the rarest form of cancer. It generally occurs at the age of 50 and the main cause of this cancer is the Human Papillomavirus infection.

Gestational trophoblastic tumour: This is term used for a group of pregnancy related tumours. These cancers are usually quite rare and are divided into 5 types they are one benign and four malignant. These usually gets started in the cells that become placenta during pregnancy. Benign tumours start in the cells that which surround the embryo called trophoblast. These benign tumours are curable and are treated with chemotherapy.

Treatment

Choosing the treatment that is right for you may be hard. Make sure to discuss with the doctor the possible treatment options available for your types and stages of cancer. Your doctor clearly explains the risks and the benefits of each treatment and their side effects.

Surgery: This is the first intervention used to treat the ovarian cancer. But its complete removal is impossible as the diagnosis in most the women is done too far advanced stages.

Chemotherapy: Therapeutic agents that are commonly used for the treatment are Non-platinum, Platinum and Taxane drugs. Treatment with the Platinum based drugs improve survival among the women with cancers that are above stage 1. This treatment is generally done by the Medical oncologists.

Radiation: This technique uses high energy rays to treat or kill the cancer. This treatment is generally done by the Radiation oncologists.