The Connection among Smoking Cigarettes and Fresh Heart Disease Dangers

^*Correspondence: Franklin G Greens, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China, Email:

Received: 03-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. Ipjbs-23-13511; Editor assigned: 06-Feb-2023, Pre QC No. Ipjbs-23-13511; Reviewed: 20-Feb-2023, QC No. Ipjbs-23-13511; Revised: 23-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. Ipjbs-23-13511; Published: 01-Mar-2023, DOI: 10.36648/2254-609X-12.02-94

Abstract

The point of the current review was to evaluate the relationship among cigarette smoking and the adjustment of plasma grouping of cardiovascular markers. Methods: The study included 20 healthy, age-matched male smokers and 20 cigarette smokers. Estimates were made of homocysteine, C-reactive protein, fasting cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels in the blood. Results Cigarette smokers had significantly higher serum total homocysteine and C-reactive protein levels than non-smokers (p 0.001). The total cholesterol / HDL ratio, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and fasting serum levels were found to be significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (p 0.001). However, the concentration of fasting HDL was significantly lower in smokers than in nonsmokers (p 0.001). In conclusion, our research shows that smoking cigarettes is strongly associated with elevated levels of all three novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Translation and End:

Keywords

Hyperhomo cysteinemia and inflammation may be important mechanisms by which smoking promotes atherosclerosis; According to these findings. C-reactive protein; Homocysteine; Lipid profile; Smoking

INTRODUCTION

Smoking continues to be the single most common preventable cause of death. Over 430,000 people die each year from diseases linked to smoking [1]. Cigarette smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop coronary artery disease. Alterations in blood coagulation compromised arterial wall integrity changes in blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations elevated plasma homocysteine levels and elevated plasma C-Reactive protein levels are some of the possible explanations for this association [2]. Cigarette smoking is known to be associated with elevated plasma homocysteine levels. Smoking has also been linked to an increase in serum lipid concentrations. Smoking has also been linked to an increase in CRP levels, which may be due to the tissue-damaging effects of tobacco smoke.

The toxic mixture of more than 7,000 chemicals found in cigarette smoke can disrupt vital body processes that are necessary for normal function when inhaled. The delivery of oxygen-rich blood to your heart and the rest of your body is one of these processes. Your heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of your body through the blood vessels when you breathe. Your lungs carry oxygen to your heart [3].

However, the chemicals in cigarette smoke contaminate the blood that is distributed to the rest of the body when inhaled. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States, can be brought on by these chemicals' potential to harm your heart and blood vessels [4].

Plaque, a waxy substance made up of cholesterol, scar tissue, calcium, fat, and other substances3, can build up in your arteries, the major blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to your body. These changes in blood chemistry can cause plaque to form [5]. Atherosclerosis is a condition that can arise from this accumulation of plaque. At the point when the synthetics in tobacco smoke cause atherosclerosis and thickened blood in the courses, it turns out to be more hard for platelets to travel through conduits and other veins to get to crucial organs like the heart and brain.4 This can make blood clumps and at last lead to a coronary failure or stroke, even death [6].

Discu ssion

Few studies have examined the connection between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a general population, in contrast to the information on cigarette smoking. We investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and changes in the plasma concentration of cardiovascular markers in order to gain a deeper understanding of the health risks posed by cigar smoking [7].

Homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and lipids have all been linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in a small number of studies. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been linked to elevated levels of inflammatory mediators like C-reactive protein and fibrinogen [8]. A higher level of homocysteine in the blood has also been linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, Tracy and colleagues reported that log C-reactive protein levels among 400 healthy elderly participants in the cardiovascular health study were positively correlated with pack-years of smoking but not current cigarette smoking.

Serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine the three novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease were found to be elevated in cigarette smokers in comparison to nonsmokers in our study. The implications of these findings for the development of atherosclerosis can now be better understood [9].

Twenty healthy male subjects between the ages of 27 and 48 and twenty male smokers between the ages of 26 and 58 participated in the research. All of the participants did not drink alcohol, had no prior history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or other systemic or metabolic diseases, and their socioeconomic status was comparable.

Venipuncture was used to collect 10 milliliters of fasting blood in evacuated tubes that did not contain any anticoagulants that could cause blood to clot. The samples were then centrifuged.

Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were measured using serum and an autoanalyzer for enzymatic quantification [10]. The Friedewald equation was used to determine LDL cholesterol. The calculated VLDL-cholesterol was the result of dividing the measured triglycerides by 5. The fluorescence polarization immunoassay (Abbott Axsym, USA) was used to measure total homocysteine in the serum, and the nephelometry method was used to measure C - reactive protein (CRP) in the serum.

For each parameter, the Mean SD is shown, and the t-test was used to determine whether or not differences between groups were statistically significant. After adjusting for other factors, the logistic regression analysis was used to determine the significance of each risk factor.

Smoking has serious and, in many instances, fatal effects on human health. Cigarettes contain approximately 4000 chemicals, hundreds of which are harmful. Everything from the organs' internal function to the immune system's effectiveness is affected by the ingredients in cigarettes. Smoking cessation has immediate and long-term advantages, lowering the likelihood of developing diseases brought on by smoking and enhancing general health.

Conclusion

Our research shows that smoking cigarettes is strongly associated with elevated levels of all three novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease. According to these findings, smoking may promote atherosclerosis by promoting inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia.