Hamit Mahamat Alio*, Bilong Rosy Aurelie Olive, Samafou Kemba and Issa Adam Rama
University of N'djamena, Chad University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde, Cameroon
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Arch Clin Microbiol
Dracunculiasis, disease is one of the neglected tropical diseases. It is caused by a nematode parasite known as Dracunculus medinensis, also called filaria medina. Dracunculiasis is transmitted by drinking water which is contaminated with infested copepods. While dracunculiasis eradication is in its final stage, an outbreak occurred in Chad in 2019 in Salamat province, mainly in Bogam village in Liwi’s responsibility area, where this disease had never been reported in the past. This work aimed to contribute at the eradication by identifying determinants factors and evaluating the impact of national guinea worm eradication program activities. The analyzed data’s are those registered during census of cases by the NGWEP from 2019 to 2020, completed by those obtained in the registers of previous years. This analysis showed that: 52.4% of patients were aged 5 to 20 years old, 62% were female, 90.48% lived in Bogam village, 95.2% supplied themselves with unsanitary water, 33% were farmers and 33% others were cattle breeders, most of the patients were infested between March and July (the end of dry season and the beginning of the rainy season), Bogam is a migration corridor for nomads who owned infested animals. Thus, these factors put together can explain this surge in cases of dracunculiasis. Chad happens to be one of the few countries still endemic to guinea worm disease, which remains a real public health issue with enormous socioeconomics impacts. This analysis also noted that national guinea worm eradication program deploys enormous efforts of treatment (especially with a protocol associating wet bandage and administration of diclofenac+amoxicillin+paracetamol) and control in the deep country. It suggests that the implemented actions be reinforced by taking into account animal exponential infestation (dogs, cats) because, the elimination of this zoonosis in Chad will pass through that of the guinea worm in both domestic and wild animals (baboons). Keywords: Guinea worm, Emerging, Zoonosis, Neglected tropical disease, Determinant factors, Eradication, Chad.
Hamit Mahamat Alio is Head of Department, Faculty of Sciences Health Human of University of N'Djamena, Chad.
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