Introduction: Visfatin has multidirectional effects-proinflammatory, stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neuro-, angioprotective properties. Adipokine has an insulin-mimetic effect and stimulates insulin production. In this regard, the aim of the study was to study the role of visfatin in the development of type 2 diabetes in patients with obesity.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Serum glucose levels were determined using a biochemistry analyzer. Using the method of flow fluorimetry, the content of visfatin, insulin and leptin in the blood plasma was determined using commercial test systems; gene expression level - by PCR.
Findings: In the group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes, the content of leptin, insulin and glucose in the blood plasma was higher, which was the case for patients without type 2 diabetes and control (p <0.05). The level of visfatin in blood plasma was higher than 802.10 (101.0 - 1145.12) pg / ml than in patients with obesity without type 2 diabetes 371.81 (40.83 - 513.58) pg / ml and below the control values (p <0.05). In the group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes, the level of visfatin positively correlated with the level of leptin (r = 0.513) and negatively with the level of insulin (r = -0.435) (p <0.05). However, in patients without type 2 diabetes, the level of visfatin had positive correlations with the content of insulin (r = 0.812) and leptin (r = 0.767) in blood plasma (p <0.05). The expression level of the NAMPT gene (visfatin) was increased in all obese patients with type 2 diabetes in all fat depots, compared with obese patients without it. In obese patients with type 2 diabetes, the level of NAMPT gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was 15 times higher than the control group (p <0.05), while in patients without type 2 diabetes it did not differ from the control, which may indicate the formation of adipokine plasma levels, mainly due to its production of subcutaneous fat depot in patients with type 2 diabetes. The level of NAMPT gene expression in the greater omentum positively correlated with the level of Visfatin in blood plasma in the group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes (r = 0.5 p <0.05). The level of NAMPT gene expression in the mesentery of the small intestine negatively correlated with BMI in the group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes (r = 0.4 p <0.05).
Conclusion & Significance: Thus, visfatin can have different effects on the development of type 2 diabetes in obese patients, mediated by tissue-specific features of its secretion, as indicated by (1) the revealed formation of plasma levels of adipokine due to subcutaneous fat depot in patients with type 2 diabetes; (2) the detected protective effects of visfatin in patients without type 2 diabetes, due to the established positive relationship between the level of visfatin and plasma insulin production in this category of patients.
